Run-of-the-river hydropower is a type of hydroelectric power generation that harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water in a river or stream without the need for a large dam or reservoir. Instead of storing water, run-of-the-river projects use the natural flow of a river to generate electricity. Here are some key points about run-of-the-river hydropower:
No Large Reservoir or Dam: Unlike conventional hydropower, which relies on large dams and reservoirs to store water, run-of-the-river projects do not significantly alter the natural flow of the river. They may use a diversion weir or intake structure to direct a portion of the river’s flow to the power generation equipment.
Run-of-the-river projects have an intake structure that diverts a portion of the river’s flow into a channel or pipeline, which directs the water to a powerhouse. Powerhouse is where the water flow drives a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity. After passing through the turbine, the water is returned to the river through a tailrace, which helps maintain the natural flow downstream.
Run-of-the-river projects typically have lower environmental impacts compared to large dam-based hydropower. They don’t create large reservoirs that inundate large areas, which can disrupt habitats and alter ecosystems. However, there can still be environmental considerations, such as impacts on fish habitats, water temperature, and sediment transport. Mitigation measures like fish passage systems and environmental flow releases are often implemented.
Run-of-the-river projects have a smaller environmental footprint compared to large dam-based hydropower. They can be well-suited for sites with consistent and reliable water flows, making them a reliable source of renewable energy.
Site selection is crucial in Run-of-the-river projects. They require specific conditions, including a reliable and consistent flow of water. Projects like this, may be limited by seasonal variations in water flow. In some regions, droughts or low-flow periods can affect electricity generation.
Run-of-the-river hydropower projects are common in regions with abundant rivers like Albania. Overall, run-of-the-river hydropower offers a renewable energy option that minimizes some of the environmental impacts associated with large-scale dam-based projects. It can be an important part of a diverse and sustainable energy portfolio.